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Note Compass

Why is the music scale irregular? Why are there black and white keys in the piano, distributed in such a peculiar pattern? Why do we have a scale with tones and semitones? And more deeply, how notes are grouped into families, and what role do they play within such families?

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Bach Mass B Minor Canon

J. S. Bach probably is one of the composers with most affinity to mathematics. He developed the art of fugue in a programmatic way in his work “The Art of Fugue”. So he used all kinds of techniques that are characteristic for composing fugues and canons. Canons are a special case of fugues. In the most strictest form they consist of just one melody that starts to different times in at least two voices. The canon melody repeats several times in a loop, at least one time for each voice. There are many ways to vary the melody with transformations that are well known from geometry: translation (transposition), rotation, scaling, mirror transformations. Bach liked composing canons and fugues so much that he used this technique even implicit. His great mass in B Minor ends with the Dona nobis pacem, where a canon melody is varied and hard to discover. The animation shows how the canon is constructed and a little excerpt of the beginning and the end of that movement.

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