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Transition from 3-branched to 5-branched spirals in the Rock-Paper-Scissors-Lizard-Spock equation

Solution of a reaction-diffusion equation involving five chemicals, each of them dominating two others. There are two interaction parameters, which are equal at the beginning of the simulation. As one of them decreases to zero, spirals with 5 branches appear.

The Allen-Cahn equation on the two-dimensional torus

This is a 3D rendering of a solution of the Allen-Cahn equation in a rectangular domain with periodic boundary conditions. Both the z-coordinate and the color hue show the value of the solution, with blue indicating positive values, and red indicating negative ones. By increasing the viscosity (which measures the magnitude of diffusion) over time, one accelerates the coarse-graining dynamics of the system, separating blue and red phases. The luminosity depends on the angle between a normal vector to the surface and a fixed direction, to emulate the effect of a far away light source.

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